reconciling biblical principles with economic liberalism

november 3, 2025

this post is incomplete

Christianity’s relationship with economic progressivism is often seen as tense or contradictory. Many assume theological conservatism always aligns with the economic policies of Western conservative politicians. This false dichotomy pits progressive policies against biblical fundamentals and ignores the complexity and nuance in Scripture regarding compassion, justice, and stewardship. To illustrate this, consider the work of William Wilberforce, a devout Christian who spearheaded the abolition of the slave trade in the 19th century. His commitment to justice and equality, rooted in his Christian beliefs, exemplifies how progressive reforms can align with biblical principles. In this essay, I will argue that biblical principles can support progressive economic reforms that promote equity, dignity, and the common good. I will establish key biblical foundations, consider modern eschatological perspectives, and reflect on policy to show how Christians can thoughtfully engage with economic progressivism in a way consistent with their faith.

Scripture provides clear guidance on economic and social ethics, emphasizing justice, compassion, and stewardship. Leviticus 19:13 says, “Thou shalt not defraud thy neighbour, neither rob him,” emphasizing fair transactions, property rights, and protection for the vulnerable. Isaiah 1:17 says, “Learn to do well; Seek judgment, relieve the oppressed,” urging Christians to enforce systemic fairness, not just act in charity. Micah 6:8 says, “And what doth the Lord require of thee, But to do justly, and to love mercy, And to walk humbly with thy God,” linking humility to social responsibility.
The New Testament also stresses justice, compassion, and stewardship. Acts 20:35 says, “It is more blessed to give than to receive,” urging generosity and support for those in need. In Acts 2, believers share their possessions so that no one lacks, demonstrating collective stewardship. Scripture provides a strong foundation for engaging with economic issues, emphasizing personal responsibility and community care.

The postmillennial view of eschatology presents a distinctly optimistic perspective on the future of human society on earth, rooted in the conviction that Christ’s kingdom is being established on earth through the Spirit-led advancement of the gospel. Postmillennialism teaches that before Christ’s return, the world will experience an extended period (the millennium), characterized by increasing faith, righteousness, and peace among nations. Unlike premillennial and amillennial eschatologies, postmillennialism asserts that the influence of Christianity will gradually grow to inhabit every aspect of human life on earth, including social, political, and economic structures. This vision does not entail passivity but rather fuels immediate action, as historical movements like the Civil Rights Movement have shown. Inspired by future hope, Christians can pursue legislative goals that align with the same principles of justice and equity they believe will ultimately prevail. The belief in a transformative future encourages reformers to work toward policies reflecting that vision of the millennium, aiming for a fairer, more equitable society today.

caleb paterson